如果7.14沙田大衝突是黑警仇恨抗爭運動示威者的大爆發,那麼我們就更應該名正言順、堂堂正正搞一次和理非「真 · 撐警」大集會,我們不應該再屌黑警和掟蛋,而是應該開宗名義,聲明我們「支持成立獨立調查委員會,還警隊清白」、「支持警隊罷工,對抗高層無理指令」、「支持警隊專業守法,執行職務」、「支持警隊保護示威者人身安全」、「嚴厲譴責警隊高層送前線去死」、「支持警隊嚴正執法,緝拿殺人政權主腦」、「撐警方擺脫政治操弄」……。
過去15年多,前線警員對民主陣營抗爭者的怨恨邏輯就是:鎮壓示威 --> 被反擊 --> 仇恨「暴徒」 --> 升級示威 --> 再被反擊 --> 更仇恨「暴徒」。一直以來,「撐警」論述則以「撐警 = 嚴正執法 = 消滅暴徒 = 警暴合理」的方式運作。這種論述邏輯,正正是合理化警隊內部仇恨示威者的重要一環。要對抗警暴,首先要做的,就是瓦解主流「撐警」論述中的情感操作,同時將「撐警」論述改頭換面,並賦予新的意義,擊破政權對仇恨的操弄。
反送中運動有句口號,叫「Be water」。時而留守佔領,時而撤退回家,是Be water的體現;時而衝,時而守,亦是Be water的例子。按此邏輯,警民關係又是否只有「對立」一面?特別是7.14沙田大衝突之後,不少人都會覺得如此發展下去,結果不是警察死,就是示威者亡。離地的「大和解」在正義轉型前當然不會發生,但當下我們有沒有其他方式處理警民矛盾?
回顧反送中運動,勇武與和理非行動一直梅花間竹進行,令運動保持活力,持續至今。如果7.7、7.13、7.14連續三次和警隊正面交鋒,是透過衝突及對抗來展示對特區政府和警暴的憤怒,那麼現在是時候暫時回到和理非式抗爭,用別的方式展現憤怒,同時透過行動緩解警員對抗爭者的仇恨,可能的話,將他們一步一步爭取過來。抗爭者是時候發揮「Be water」精神,以創意攻陷警隊。
2019年7月16日 星期二
2019年7月1日 星期一
反送中運動的政治修辭
搞場空城計大龍鳳,無非是想set個台給林鄭、黑警及專(建)制派盡情譴責「破壞社會安寧」及「目無法紀」的「極端激進暴力分子」,然後名正言順「對違法行為追究到底」。這場媒體論述戰注定難打,以下是幾個政治修辭建議,或許有用:
1. 612大衝突後我曾經說過,只要這場運動有一個人死亡,林鄭月娥就是香港第一個逃犯:殺人兇手。所謂好嘅唔靈醜嘅靈,至今已經有三條人命白白犧牲。因此,大家口號不應該再叫「林鄭下台」(當然formal聲明要keep),而是應該將林鄭正正式式叫做「殺人兇手」,要將「林鄭繩之於法」,「對林鄭殺人追究到底」。而現在的特區政權,就是名副其實的「殺人政權」(跟中共看齊了,厲害)。
2. 前幾日的文章說過,警察執法之不當不止在於過份暴力,更在於其「犯法」。因此,抗爭者最近新增的口號「香港警察,知法犯法」,我覺得叫得相當正確及應境。可以改進的是,這種修辭應該更多用於正式場合及論述。例如泛民見傳媒及出聲明時,不應只說「撤查警方濫權」,而是「撤查警方涉嫌違法」或「違法使用武力」。又或者,藝術界朋友可以設計一張類似警方黃/紅/黑旗的banner,寫明「警方 請遵守法/警例」,在抗爭場合與黑警對峙時用(即類似之前有人整過的「警方 請冷靜」橫旗)。
3. 過往的藍絲撐警/撐政府集會有多暴力不用我多說,昨天《蘋果》用「撐警暴徒」形容這班人其實相當貼切。不過,我認為直接稱呼其為「紅衛兵」其實更加恰當。如果大家身邊有一些像林太老公一樣不問世事的人問你這班「紅衛兵」在做甚麼,你可以答,他們正在「搞亂香港」、「破壞社會安寧」及「影響香港繁榮穩定」。
4. 同理,為何要堅持撤回送中條例?因為一旦恢復二讀甚至修法,會令港人無端端失蹤、外資撤出香港、外國人不敢來旅遊…(個別原因大家自己發揮),最後結果是「影響香港繁榮穩定」及「破壞香港發展基石」。
4. 最後,亦是我每出一次政治post都會強調一次的,不要再叫建制派做「建制派」了,應該叫「專制派」,要由正式場合到非正式場合,由泛民扑咪見傳媒到平時寫文寫facebook status都要叫,要由現在開始叫,叫到11月區選及下年立法會選舉。
在這種時勢討論論述修辭或許有點離地,但我始終相信,改變人們的語言習慣,就可以漸漸改變其意念、想法,以至行為。(舉個例,昨日早上《立場》的live video無意中錄到有位警官用對講機對同僚說「喺公園附近有幾十個暴徒….」,如此你可以明白黑警的野獸行徑了。)
《立場新聞》轉載:
https://thestandnews.com/politics/%E4%BD%94%E9%A0%98%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95%E6%9C%83%E5%BE%8C-%E5%AA%92%E9%AB%94%E8%AB%96%E8%BF%B0%E6%88%B0%E5%B9%BE%E9%BB%9E%E4%BF%AE%E8%BE%AD%E5%BB%BA%E8%AD%B0/?fbclid=IwAR39ouf7jyXLpLrlm7AvBD302NiSdYaQoEeB8AfPfEjz0Pa6YGHuQZj3aA0
1. 612大衝突後我曾經說過,只要這場運動有一個人死亡,林鄭月娥就是香港第一個逃犯:殺人兇手。所謂好嘅唔靈醜嘅靈,至今已經有三條人命白白犧牲。因此,大家口號不應該再叫「林鄭下台」(當然formal聲明要keep),而是應該將林鄭正正式式叫做「殺人兇手」,要將「林鄭繩之於法」,「對林鄭殺人追究到底」。而現在的特區政權,就是名副其實的「殺人政權」(跟中共看齊了,厲害)。
2. 前幾日的文章說過,警察執法之不當不止在於過份暴力,更在於其「犯法」。因此,抗爭者最近新增的口號「香港警察,知法犯法」,我覺得叫得相當正確及應境。可以改進的是,這種修辭應該更多用於正式場合及論述。例如泛民見傳媒及出聲明時,不應只說「撤查警方濫權」,而是「撤查警方涉嫌違法」或「違法使用武力」。又或者,藝術界朋友可以設計一張類似警方黃/紅/黑旗的banner,寫明「警方 請遵守法/警例」,在抗爭場合與黑警對峙時用(即類似之前有人整過的「警方 請冷靜」橫旗)。
3. 過往的藍絲撐警/撐政府集會有多暴力不用我多說,昨天《蘋果》用「撐警暴徒」形容這班人其實相當貼切。不過,我認為直接稱呼其為「紅衛兵」其實更加恰當。如果大家身邊有一些像林太老公一樣不問世事的人問你這班「紅衛兵」在做甚麼,你可以答,他們正在「搞亂香港」、「破壞社會安寧」及「影響香港繁榮穩定」。
4. 同理,為何要堅持撤回送中條例?因為一旦恢復二讀甚至修法,會令港人無端端失蹤、外資撤出香港、外國人不敢來旅遊…(個別原因大家自己發揮),最後結果是「影響香港繁榮穩定」及「破壞香港發展基石」。
4. 最後,亦是我每出一次政治post都會強調一次的,不要再叫建制派做「建制派」了,應該叫「專制派」,要由正式場合到非正式場合,由泛民扑咪見傳媒到平時寫文寫facebook status都要叫,要由現在開始叫,叫到11月區選及下年立法會選舉。
在這種時勢討論論述修辭或許有點離地,但我始終相信,改變人們的語言習慣,就可以漸漸改變其意念、想法,以至行為。(舉個例,昨日早上《立場》的live video無意中錄到有位警官用對講機對同僚說「喺公園附近有幾十個暴徒….」,如此你可以明白黑警的野獸行徑了。)
《立場新聞》轉載:
https://thestandnews.com/politics/%E4%BD%94%E9%A0%98%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95%E6%9C%83%E5%BE%8C-%E5%AA%92%E9%AB%94%E8%AB%96%E8%BF%B0%E6%88%B0%E5%B9%BE%E9%BB%9E%E4%BF%AE%E8%BE%AD%E5%BB%BA%E8%AD%B0/?fbclid=IwAR39ouf7jyXLpLrlm7AvBD302NiSdYaQoEeB8AfPfEjz0Pa6YGHuQZj3aA0
2019年6月22日 星期六
反送中抗惡法運動中期檢討
反送中抗惡法運動來到這一刻,惡法未撤,人民不退。在這時候,不妨來一個中期回顧,在6.26及7.1兩次大型行動之前,檢討得失,展望將來。
歷史里程碑:
1. 6.9和6.16兩次大遊行,人數高達103萬及200 + 1萬人,打破了八九六四及零三七一的遊行人數紀錄,成為香港史上最大型的政治運動,其歷史意義相信不需要我多解釋。
2. 五月的真假法案委員會爭議,泛民團結一致以「繼續開會」行動回應專(建)制派及立法會秘書處無法無天地將石禮謙送上「主席」位。從政治文化角度言,那次行動的意義,在於泛民終於有勇氣打破虛擬自由主義之下的虛擬議會及虛擬遊戲規則,首次以人民之名及人民之實進行立法會會議。
3. 今次運動是繼陳毓祥在保釣運動身亡後,首次有人因為抗爭而死。與1996年那次不同的是,保釣是愛國運動,反送中抗惡法是反中、本土運動。另一不同的是,那次是意外,今次是抗爭者是為了運動目標本身以死相諫。回顧本地抗爭史,90年代的本土運動試過兩次(i.e. 石湖新村抗爭及荃灣天台屋抗爭)嘗試點燃石油氣以死相脅,但畢竟只是擺擺姿態,沒有來真。即使是在本土運動的火紅70年代,記憶中亦沒有出現同類抗爭模式(有心人可以再fact check)。今次義士犧牲的震懾力,在於勾起一股無分左中右的大眾情緒:悲憤。以悲憤作為運動的道德基礎及動員手段,是八九六四後首見,其動員威力在616大遊行可見一斑。
4. 前日包圍黑警總部,是繼2009年反高鐵快樂抗爭及2012年反國教大絕食之後,(我認為)攻擊力最強而又能保持和理非的行動。抗爭者憤怒而不狂躁,勇武而不躁動,這正正是對狂暴黑警最大的羞辱。怒屌而不亂衝,充分顯示抗爭者的克制和智慧。或者徐克拍完《智取威虎山》,不妨考慮一下拍一部《智取黑警穴》。另外,不得不提的是,另一個和理非得來又威力無窮的行動,當然是sing hallelujah to the lord了。這些行動在在說明,勇武和和理非並非對立,而是可以完美及有機地結合一體。
延續與轉化:
1. 到目前為止,特區政府未有讓步意圖,用對付雨傘運動的同一模式,以消耗戰來對付反送中運動。當然,這和呂秉權在《明報》文章〈修逃犯例——你要知的「習近平對港全景圖」(上)〉所提及習近平的治港方針有關。他引述習近平在2013年在「十八屆中央政治局第四次集體學習」的講話:「要引導全體人民遵守法律,有問題依靠法律來解決,決不能讓那種大鬧大解決、小鬧小解決、不鬧不解決現象蔓延開來,否則還有什麼法治可言呢?」可見,以「以法治國」仍然是對付示威的大方向。當然,這個「法」只是為政權服務,而且不會輕易後退。林鄭和鄭若樺道歉,自然只是針對個人的技術性失誤,而非政策調整。
2. 與2014年不同的是,今次香港的抗爭得到更多的國際關注和支持。這種支持不再是lip service,而是真的有可能在中美貿易戰的大環境下成為實質支持。2014年時,佔領者曾經寄望11月的APEC會議可能為運動帶來轉機,但最終甚麼也沒有發生。今年六月的G20會議同樣是爭取國際支持的關鍵時機,Trump已表示可能向習總提香港問題,且看626的大吹雞能否逼Trump真正打出香港牌。
3. 就行動模式而言,如果2014年的關鍵詞是「佔領」,今次運動的關鍵詞則是「流動」。簡單點說,就是前天抗爭者掛在口邊的「Be water」。這幾星期黑警的行動明顯是要殺盡所有大規模佔領的苗頭,同時抗爭者亦深明大規模佔領可能令民意反彈,所以佔領不再是可行之法,而取而代之的是機動堵路及遍地開花式不合作運動,例如612警民大衝突後的短暫佔領畢打街、616的小規模佔領夏愨道、逼地鐵行動、死火行動、621包圍黑警總部、以及當日辦公時間堵塞稅務大樓、入境事務大樓及政府合署。上述行動既是在黑警嚴密佈防下間接促成,亦是在「流動」的新行動邏輯下出現。這種新行動邏輯,一方比傘運時的鳩嗚團更具延續性及組織力,同時亦避免了警方的大規模攻擊及民意上的反彈,為日後政治行動提供重要參考。
行動方向:
我個人較為離地,所以戰述事宜留給前線抗爭者、連登仔及勇武派思考,以下集中討論論述及修辭(rhetoric)層面
1. 泛民主派一向不擅長製造貼地的論述,或用貼地的修辭向大眾解釋理念和行動。相反,專(建)制派則是這方面的能手。一個建立入屋話語的方法,就是將主流或對手的話語「據為己有、拿為己用」(appropriation)。可能是基於(無謂的)道德堅持,泛民從來不會這樣做,而只不斷重覆一般(偏藍)市民不會知你嗡乜春的「法治」、「公義」、「核心價值」等話語。舉個例,目前「黑警」和「警暴」兩套修辭已經較傘運或魚蛋事件時成功入屋,但對一般(偏藍)市民來說,可能仍會覺得是你班示威者抵死或示威者挑釁在先。更好的話語方式,是挪用專(建)制派及政府由朝講到晚的「守法」修辭,以「犯法」及其他類似字眼直接套用於譴責黑警暴行之上,突顯「執法」之不當正正在於其「違法」,而不單單止是過份暴力。因為暴力是相對的,可以人言人殊,但違法與否則有相對清晰的界線,能直接地引起一般市民關於黑警的印/想像。
2. 2003年七一之後的區議會選舉,泛民成功令專(建)制派大敗而言,但由於輕視地區工作,幾年之後專(建)制派完全收復失地。今年11月區議會選舉臨近,可以預期泛民會較上次區選成功,但如何避免當年的錯,就是應該由現在開始,將「反惡法 = 爭普選」的論述,在社區內落地生根。相信沒有人比14年後在社區工作的傘兵更明白這項任務的重要性和迫切性了。
3. 最後,每出一次政治post都要講一次,請不要再叫建制派做「建制派」,而是「專制派」,要由這一刻開始叫,一直叫到11月區議會選舉。「建制」在香港的語境是中性,「專制」才能真正突顯這班奴才的特徵,更重要的是將「建制派」在一般市民心目中「建設」的形象置換為「專橫霸道」。正如專制派會叫民主派做「反對派」,道理其實是一樣的。一字之差,media framing的效果可以差天共地。689和777的例子說明,政治行動的第一步,是幫對家改個好名﹗
《立場新聞》轉載:
https://thestandnews.com/politics/%E5%8F%8D%E9%80%81%E4%B8%AD%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95%E7%9A%84%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E6%84%8F%E7%BE%A9-%E8%A1%8C%E5%8B%95%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F%E8%88%87%E6%9C%AA%E4%BE%86%E6%96%B9%E5%90%91/
歷史里程碑:
1. 6.9和6.16兩次大遊行,人數高達103萬及200 + 1萬人,打破了八九六四及零三七一的遊行人數紀錄,成為香港史上最大型的政治運動,其歷史意義相信不需要我多解釋。
2. 五月的真假法案委員會爭議,泛民團結一致以「繼續開會」行動回應專(建)制派及立法會秘書處無法無天地將石禮謙送上「主席」位。從政治文化角度言,那次行動的意義,在於泛民終於有勇氣打破虛擬自由主義之下的虛擬議會及虛擬遊戲規則,首次以人民之名及人民之實進行立法會會議。
3. 今次運動是繼陳毓祥在保釣運動身亡後,首次有人因為抗爭而死。與1996年那次不同的是,保釣是愛國運動,反送中抗惡法是反中、本土運動。另一不同的是,那次是意外,今次是抗爭者是為了運動目標本身以死相諫。回顧本地抗爭史,90年代的本土運動試過兩次(i.e. 石湖新村抗爭及荃灣天台屋抗爭)嘗試點燃石油氣以死相脅,但畢竟只是擺擺姿態,沒有來真。即使是在本土運動的火紅70年代,記憶中亦沒有出現同類抗爭模式(有心人可以再fact check)。今次義士犧牲的震懾力,在於勾起一股無分左中右的大眾情緒:悲憤。以悲憤作為運動的道德基礎及動員手段,是八九六四後首見,其動員威力在616大遊行可見一斑。
4. 前日包圍黑警總部,是繼2009年反高鐵快樂抗爭及2012年反國教大絕食之後,(我認為)攻擊力最強而又能保持和理非的行動。抗爭者憤怒而不狂躁,勇武而不躁動,這正正是對狂暴黑警最大的羞辱。怒屌而不亂衝,充分顯示抗爭者的克制和智慧。或者徐克拍完《智取威虎山》,不妨考慮一下拍一部《智取黑警穴》。另外,不得不提的是,另一個和理非得來又威力無窮的行動,當然是sing hallelujah to the lord了。這些行動在在說明,勇武和和理非並非對立,而是可以完美及有機地結合一體。
延續與轉化:
1. 到目前為止,特區政府未有讓步意圖,用對付雨傘運動的同一模式,以消耗戰來對付反送中運動。當然,這和呂秉權在《明報》文章〈修逃犯例——你要知的「習近平對港全景圖」(上)〉所提及習近平的治港方針有關。他引述習近平在2013年在「十八屆中央政治局第四次集體學習」的講話:「要引導全體人民遵守法律,有問題依靠法律來解決,決不能讓那種大鬧大解決、小鬧小解決、不鬧不解決現象蔓延開來,否則還有什麼法治可言呢?」可見,以「以法治國」仍然是對付示威的大方向。當然,這個「法」只是為政權服務,而且不會輕易後退。林鄭和鄭若樺道歉,自然只是針對個人的技術性失誤,而非政策調整。
2. 與2014年不同的是,今次香港的抗爭得到更多的國際關注和支持。這種支持不再是lip service,而是真的有可能在中美貿易戰的大環境下成為實質支持。2014年時,佔領者曾經寄望11月的APEC會議可能為運動帶來轉機,但最終甚麼也沒有發生。今年六月的G20會議同樣是爭取國際支持的關鍵時機,Trump已表示可能向習總提香港問題,且看626的大吹雞能否逼Trump真正打出香港牌。
3. 就行動模式而言,如果2014年的關鍵詞是「佔領」,今次運動的關鍵詞則是「流動」。簡單點說,就是前天抗爭者掛在口邊的「Be water」。這幾星期黑警的行動明顯是要殺盡所有大規模佔領的苗頭,同時抗爭者亦深明大規模佔領可能令民意反彈,所以佔領不再是可行之法,而取而代之的是機動堵路及遍地開花式不合作運動,例如612警民大衝突後的短暫佔領畢打街、616的小規模佔領夏愨道、逼地鐵行動、死火行動、621包圍黑警總部、以及當日辦公時間堵塞稅務大樓、入境事務大樓及政府合署。上述行動既是在黑警嚴密佈防下間接促成,亦是在「流動」的新行動邏輯下出現。這種新行動邏輯,一方比傘運時的鳩嗚團更具延續性及組織力,同時亦避免了警方的大規模攻擊及民意上的反彈,為日後政治行動提供重要參考。
行動方向:
我個人較為離地,所以戰述事宜留給前線抗爭者、連登仔及勇武派思考,以下集中討論論述及修辭(rhetoric)層面
1. 泛民主派一向不擅長製造貼地的論述,或用貼地的修辭向大眾解釋理念和行動。相反,專(建)制派則是這方面的能手。一個建立入屋話語的方法,就是將主流或對手的話語「據為己有、拿為己用」(appropriation)。可能是基於(無謂的)道德堅持,泛民從來不會這樣做,而只不斷重覆一般(偏藍)市民不會知你嗡乜春的「法治」、「公義」、「核心價值」等話語。舉個例,目前「黑警」和「警暴」兩套修辭已經較傘運或魚蛋事件時成功入屋,但對一般(偏藍)市民來說,可能仍會覺得是你班示威者抵死或示威者挑釁在先。更好的話語方式,是挪用專(建)制派及政府由朝講到晚的「守法」修辭,以「犯法」及其他類似字眼直接套用於譴責黑警暴行之上,突顯「執法」之不當正正在於其「違法」,而不單單止是過份暴力。因為暴力是相對的,可以人言人殊,但違法與否則有相對清晰的界線,能直接地引起一般市民關於黑警的印/想像。
2. 2003年七一之後的區議會選舉,泛民成功令專(建)制派大敗而言,但由於輕視地區工作,幾年之後專(建)制派完全收復失地。今年11月區議會選舉臨近,可以預期泛民會較上次區選成功,但如何避免當年的錯,就是應該由現在開始,將「反惡法 = 爭普選」的論述,在社區內落地生根。相信沒有人比14年後在社區工作的傘兵更明白這項任務的重要性和迫切性了。
3. 最後,每出一次政治post都要講一次,請不要再叫建制派做「建制派」,而是「專制派」,要由這一刻開始叫,一直叫到11月區議會選舉。「建制」在香港的語境是中性,「專制」才能真正突顯這班奴才的特徵,更重要的是將「建制派」在一般市民心目中「建設」的形象置換為「專橫霸道」。正如專制派會叫民主派做「反對派」,道理其實是一樣的。一字之差,media framing的效果可以差天共地。689和777的例子說明,政治行動的第一步,是幫對家改個好名﹗
《立場新聞》轉載:
https://thestandnews.com/politics/%E5%8F%8D%E9%80%81%E4%B8%AD%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95%E7%9A%84%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E6%84%8F%E7%BE%A9-%E8%A1%8C%E5%8B%95%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F%E8%88%87%E6%9C%AA%E4%BE%86%E6%96%B9%E5%90%91/
反引渡條例運動前路
此文寫於2019年6月16日:
黑警選擇唔清場,說明政府再一次想靠打消耗戰,所以我地必須汲取傘運教訓,以免流失民意:
1. 雖然人數已達200萬,但香港地,港豬多,必須立即落區,說明不完全撤回的後果,以免公眾對運動拖長產生厭惡
2. 因為黑警暴力及烈士犧牲,民意已一面倒傾向運動,要留住大多數,就要「和理非」,我們不需用憤怒,亦不需將運動快樂抗爭化,目前的悲憤作為社會主流情感,是前六四後前所未見的,這種情感就是運動的道德基礎,正如鄺神話齋,不要我們做先動手一方,而是要用溫柔對抗暴力
3. 但運動必須盡早升級,民陣必須盡快重提三罷,用目前小規模佔領的空間爭取時間,令林鄭一星期之內(目標依難度排列):撤法、撤暴動定性、查黑警、撤被補人士控罪、問責下台,否則23日再大遊行,然後該星期啟動三罷,到七一再大規模動員
4. 進一步而言,在論述層面上,應著手建構「反惡法 = 爭取普選」的關係
5. 每出一次政治post都要講一次,唔好再叫建制派做「建制派」,係「專制派」,要由呢一刻開始叫,叫到11月區議會選舉
運動要贏,就必須汲取傘運教訓,運動節奏、運動的形象面貌、戰述的多樣性要掌握得更好。
黑警選擇唔清場,說明政府再一次想靠打消耗戰,所以我地必須汲取傘運教訓,以免流失民意:
1. 雖然人數已達200萬,但香港地,港豬多,必須立即落區,說明不完全撤回的後果,以免公眾對運動拖長產生厭惡
2. 因為黑警暴力及烈士犧牲,民意已一面倒傾向運動,要留住大多數,就要「和理非」,我們不需用憤怒,亦不需將運動快樂抗爭化,目前的悲憤作為社會主流情感,是前六四後前所未見的,這種情感就是運動的道德基礎,正如鄺神話齋,不要我們做先動手一方,而是要用溫柔對抗暴力
3. 但運動必須盡早升級,民陣必須盡快重提三罷,用目前小規模佔領的空間爭取時間,令林鄭一星期之內(目標依難度排列):撤法、撤暴動定性、查黑警、撤被補人士控罪、問責下台,否則23日再大遊行,然後該星期啟動三罷,到七一再大規模動員
4. 進一步而言,在論述層面上,應著手建構「反惡法 = 爭取普選」的關係
5. 每出一次政治post都要講一次,唔好再叫建制派做「建制派」,係「專制派」,要由呢一刻開始叫,叫到11月區議會選舉
運動要贏,就必須汲取傘運教訓,運動節奏、運動的形象面貌、戰述的多樣性要掌握得更好。
The Umbrella Movement 2.0: The 2019 Anti-Extradition Protest in Hong Kong
This article was written on 13/6/2019:
In September 2014, hundreds of thousands of protesters in Hong Kong went onto the street, standing up against the Chinese National People’s Congress’s decision to bar Hong Kong from having a free and fair universal suffrage. Protesters occupied the roads around the Hong Kong government headquarters and confronted the police. After a tense day of stand-off, the police fired tear gas at the protester. The strategy to disperse the protesters, however, backfired and provoked mass anger among Hongkongers. Enraged by the police’s excessive use of violence, over a million ordinary citizens turned up and joined the protest, thereby producing the historic Umbrella Movement. The Beijing government, Hong Kong’s sovereign master, nevertheless, stayed adamant and refused to give in. No fruitful outcome was achieved and the protesters’ goal to strive for universal suffrage failed. Yet on the last day of occupation, a big banner was left on the occupied zone, which wrote: “We Will be Back.”
Five years later, the Hong Kong protesters, once again, besieged the government headquarters. This time, the protesters were fighting against a controversial extradition bill with China. On 9 June 2019, 1.03 million people from all walks of life marched on the street to voice their disagreement with the bill. Yet the Hong Kong government refused to withdraw the bill and even tried to push for passing it before July, forcing the protesters to escalate their action. Three days later, the day to start the second reading of the bill in the Legislative Council, tens of thousands of protesters, who are mostly at their early 20s, seized control of the area around the government headquarters. However, they succeeded only temporarily. Compared to the Umbrella Movement, the policing strategy was a lot tougher this time. Not only tear gas but also plastic bullets were fired. Trying to stop another large-scale occupy movement from happening, the Hong Kong police attacked protesters and even journalists aggressively. The protesters had no choice but to retreat to some narrow streets. So far, more than 70 protesters were injured and some of them were in serious condition.
Despite increasing police violence, many youngsters still choose to stand in the frontline. Many of them see it as a desperate fight against the authoritarian Chinese government. As some of them call it, this is an endgame. What makes the young protesters feel the hopelessness and urgency to make the last roar? Over the past five years, political rights and civil liberties in Hong Kong have been on a rapid decline. In 2015, a local bookseller who sells books critical of the Chinese leaders was abducted and detained in China. In 2016, Edward Leung, a pro-independence young activist, was barred from running in the Legislative Council election because of his political stance. In 2017, six pro-democracy and pro-independence legislators were removed from their posts after the Beijing government unusually re-interpreted the Basic Law, the mini-constitution of Hong Kong, and claimed that the oaths they made during the commencing ceremony of the new legislative term were unqualified. From 2017 to 2019, several leading activists of the 2014 Umbrella Movement were sentenced to jail. Pro-independence activists, including Edward Leung, who were charged with initiating a “riot” in 2016, faced the same fate and they got a much heavier sentence. Two of them are now forced to seek asylum in Germany. For many Hong Kong people, the city is no longer the one they are familiar with. The proposed legislation of the extradition agreement with China in recent months came to be the last straw.
The extradition bill, formally known as the Fugitive Offenders Ordinance Amendment, was tabled after a Hong Kong man murdered his girlfriend in Taiwan and then returned to Hong Kong last year. Since there has been no extradition agreement between Hong Kong and Taiwan, the Hong Kong government claimed it was a loophole to be plugged. An amendment to the current Fugitive Offenders Ordinance was therefore proposed in February 2019, which would allow for extradition requests from authorities in mainland China, Taiwan, and Macau for criminal suspects. Once the amendment is adopted, anyone, including permanent Hong Kong citizens, businessmen, journalists, and visitors of whatever nationalities, could be accused to have violated Chinese laws in Hong Kong and extradited to China. Since the Chinese government often uses non-political charges to prosecute political dissent, and since there is no fair trial in mainland China, it is deeply worrying that this would pose another great threat to the human rights of Hongkongers. Although the Taiwanese authority has stated its concern about the possibility that Taiwanese citizens in Hong Kong could be extradited to mainland China, and although it is possible for the Hong Kong and Taiwanese governments to make a one-time extradition agreement, the Hong Kong government insisted on pushing forward the current version of amendment. Worse still, the government argued the urgency required to handle the current murder case allowed for only 20 days for public consultation.
Rejecting the extradition bill amendment, the civil society of Hong Kong, which had been low in morale after the failure of the Umbrella Movement, has become vibrant again. The fragmented relationship between the moderate and the radical flanks has been glued. Apart from the demonstration and the occupy action mentioned above, there were 3,000 lawyers, prosecutors, law students, and academics marching in silence to request the government shelve the bill earlier this month. University and secondary school students and alumni, overseas students, and many other civil society groups also started hundreds of petitions to protest against the amendment. More actions are going to be held in coming days, including a creative action to “occupy” the cars of the underground train—a non-cooperative action attempting to paralyze the city without confronting the police directly. Also, more petitions are going on locally and internationally, such as the one to request the U.S, British, and Australian governments to block or reject the visas of the Hong Kong officials and the pro-China legislators—many of whom claim themselves as patriotic, loyal Chinese while holding a second nationality and lots of assets in the West. We do not know what will work, but as Lu Xun, a leading Chinese writer, famously said, “although originally there was no path on the ground, as more and more people walked through, it became a path.”
If you are willing to support us, please join the petition.
If you want to get the latest news, please follow these links:
https://www.facebook.com/HongKongWatch1/?fref=pb&hc_location=profile_browser
https://www.facebook.com/hkantiextradition/?fref=pb&hc_location=profile_browser
https://www.collaction.hk/discovery/project?q=%E5%8F%8D%E9%80%81%E4%B8%AD&fbclid=IwAR3UUw2pgpaCMEjBJId8QQvx2MwvHfZ0_bpB-aT_Yh2YVWTxqPkth5Q34t8
If you agree with our action, please spread our message far and wide. Monitoring from the international community is the best way to avoid bloodshed in Hong Kong.
In September 2014, hundreds of thousands of protesters in Hong Kong went onto the street, standing up against the Chinese National People’s Congress’s decision to bar Hong Kong from having a free and fair universal suffrage. Protesters occupied the roads around the Hong Kong government headquarters and confronted the police. After a tense day of stand-off, the police fired tear gas at the protester. The strategy to disperse the protesters, however, backfired and provoked mass anger among Hongkongers. Enraged by the police’s excessive use of violence, over a million ordinary citizens turned up and joined the protest, thereby producing the historic Umbrella Movement. The Beijing government, Hong Kong’s sovereign master, nevertheless, stayed adamant and refused to give in. No fruitful outcome was achieved and the protesters’ goal to strive for universal suffrage failed. Yet on the last day of occupation, a big banner was left on the occupied zone, which wrote: “We Will be Back.”
Five years later, the Hong Kong protesters, once again, besieged the government headquarters. This time, the protesters were fighting against a controversial extradition bill with China. On 9 June 2019, 1.03 million people from all walks of life marched on the street to voice their disagreement with the bill. Yet the Hong Kong government refused to withdraw the bill and even tried to push for passing it before July, forcing the protesters to escalate their action. Three days later, the day to start the second reading of the bill in the Legislative Council, tens of thousands of protesters, who are mostly at their early 20s, seized control of the area around the government headquarters. However, they succeeded only temporarily. Compared to the Umbrella Movement, the policing strategy was a lot tougher this time. Not only tear gas but also plastic bullets were fired. Trying to stop another large-scale occupy movement from happening, the Hong Kong police attacked protesters and even journalists aggressively. The protesters had no choice but to retreat to some narrow streets. So far, more than 70 protesters were injured and some of them were in serious condition.
Despite increasing police violence, many youngsters still choose to stand in the frontline. Many of them see it as a desperate fight against the authoritarian Chinese government. As some of them call it, this is an endgame. What makes the young protesters feel the hopelessness and urgency to make the last roar? Over the past five years, political rights and civil liberties in Hong Kong have been on a rapid decline. In 2015, a local bookseller who sells books critical of the Chinese leaders was abducted and detained in China. In 2016, Edward Leung, a pro-independence young activist, was barred from running in the Legislative Council election because of his political stance. In 2017, six pro-democracy and pro-independence legislators were removed from their posts after the Beijing government unusually re-interpreted the Basic Law, the mini-constitution of Hong Kong, and claimed that the oaths they made during the commencing ceremony of the new legislative term were unqualified. From 2017 to 2019, several leading activists of the 2014 Umbrella Movement were sentenced to jail. Pro-independence activists, including Edward Leung, who were charged with initiating a “riot” in 2016, faced the same fate and they got a much heavier sentence. Two of them are now forced to seek asylum in Germany. For many Hong Kong people, the city is no longer the one they are familiar with. The proposed legislation of the extradition agreement with China in recent months came to be the last straw.
The extradition bill, formally known as the Fugitive Offenders Ordinance Amendment, was tabled after a Hong Kong man murdered his girlfriend in Taiwan and then returned to Hong Kong last year. Since there has been no extradition agreement between Hong Kong and Taiwan, the Hong Kong government claimed it was a loophole to be plugged. An amendment to the current Fugitive Offenders Ordinance was therefore proposed in February 2019, which would allow for extradition requests from authorities in mainland China, Taiwan, and Macau for criminal suspects. Once the amendment is adopted, anyone, including permanent Hong Kong citizens, businessmen, journalists, and visitors of whatever nationalities, could be accused to have violated Chinese laws in Hong Kong and extradited to China. Since the Chinese government often uses non-political charges to prosecute political dissent, and since there is no fair trial in mainland China, it is deeply worrying that this would pose another great threat to the human rights of Hongkongers. Although the Taiwanese authority has stated its concern about the possibility that Taiwanese citizens in Hong Kong could be extradited to mainland China, and although it is possible for the Hong Kong and Taiwanese governments to make a one-time extradition agreement, the Hong Kong government insisted on pushing forward the current version of amendment. Worse still, the government argued the urgency required to handle the current murder case allowed for only 20 days for public consultation.
Rejecting the extradition bill amendment, the civil society of Hong Kong, which had been low in morale after the failure of the Umbrella Movement, has become vibrant again. The fragmented relationship between the moderate and the radical flanks has been glued. Apart from the demonstration and the occupy action mentioned above, there were 3,000 lawyers, prosecutors, law students, and academics marching in silence to request the government shelve the bill earlier this month. University and secondary school students and alumni, overseas students, and many other civil society groups also started hundreds of petitions to protest against the amendment. More actions are going to be held in coming days, including a creative action to “occupy” the cars of the underground train—a non-cooperative action attempting to paralyze the city without confronting the police directly. Also, more petitions are going on locally and internationally, such as the one to request the U.S, British, and Australian governments to block or reject the visas of the Hong Kong officials and the pro-China legislators—many of whom claim themselves as patriotic, loyal Chinese while holding a second nationality and lots of assets in the West. We do not know what will work, but as Lu Xun, a leading Chinese writer, famously said, “although originally there was no path on the ground, as more and more people walked through, it became a path.”
If you are willing to support us, please join the petition.
If you want to get the latest news, please follow these links:
https://www.facebook.com/HongKongWatch1/?fref=pb&hc_location=profile_browser
https://www.facebook.com/hkantiextradition/?fref=pb&hc_location=profile_browser
https://www.collaction.hk/discovery/project?q=%E5%8F%8D%E9%80%81%E4%B8%AD&fbclid=IwAR3UUw2pgpaCMEjBJId8QQvx2MwvHfZ0_bpB-aT_Yh2YVWTxqPkth5Q34t8
If you agree with our action, please spread our message far and wide. Monitoring from the international community is the best way to avoid bloodshed in Hong Kong.
2018年6月2日 星期六
道義責任
如果我身在香港,今年的六四晚會還是會選擇去的,理由其實好簡單:
1. 我知道有不少人會覺得悼念六四不是香港這個共同體的事。但當我知道雨傘運動時,身在極權國度的蘇昌蘭、陳啟棠、王默、謝文飛、張聖雨、梁勤輝、甄江華及很多支援者,因為聲援傘運相繼入獄,或被監控。他們在爭取「自己的國家」的人權自由公義民主的時候,沒有因為香港只是偏遠的南方一隅而選擇對不公義視而不見。如果共產黨是我們的共同敵人的話,那麼去六四晚會,喊結束一黨專政,就是一種道義責任,也是對同路人的道謝。
2. 我知道不少人會覺得現在談六四事件只是鞏固家國情懷(雖然這種說法已被反駁過很多次),但我會仍會強調一點:這種說法對上一輩來說可能是valid,但由我這一輩80後開始肯定不是。我第一次去六四晚會是09年,亦即是反高鐵運動那一年。對我來說,平反六四,跟反高鐵的不公義,從來都是一體兩面的事,而從09、10那兩年六四晚會人數創新高來看,我相信這種說法都apply在他們身上的。因此我相信,年復年爭取平反六四,就是對本土民主運動的另一種參與。
3. 早前讀一篇關於六四事件的英國檔案解密報道,見到報道下面有個留言:「又消費六四情意結」。我驚訝,原本咁都叫消費?唔係fa?對很多人而言,參加六四晚會既然「沒有用」,那只會成為一個幫泛民和支聯會「吸金」的場合。事實上,李卓人何俊仁張文光長毛等等等等,從來沒有因為29年來的六四晚會而變成富豪。相反,不少晚會得來的資金的確是落在中國民運人士手上,發展公民社會。司徙華生前提過,每一封由支聯會寄給在囚民運人士的信,每一年六四晚會的人數,共產黨都會數著。你可以不滿意支聯會這班人做事守舊保守老套,但如果肉眼見不到「功效」,就等於「沒有用」,就等於消費情感,那無疑是對希望政治一個極度狹窄的理解。情感往往依附於一種時間性(temporality),如果你要求一種短期目標的效果論,要證明「因為我參加了六四晚會,而今年的晚會又成功令共產黨削弱了xx%」,這無疑是不切實際,甚至變成一種虛無主義(邏輯上你今晚如常食飯瞓覺,都唔保證你長命百歲的)。但如果我們將時間性拉長一點,對目標的理解闊一點,六四晚會(及其他民主運動的episodes)其實已經發揮了不少肉眼見不到效用。例如09年後年青人政治參與大幅提升,而共產黨的authority亦由爭取認同、統戰,變成赤裸裸的鎮壓,正正反映政權的合法性不斷被削弱。因此我們不應因為覺得「做乜都無用」,而絕望,遠離政治,拒絕理會六四。如果改變對情感的時間性的理解,現在正是希望的開始。
虛無主義是極權統治的最佳戰友。我知道決定了不去晚會的人不會因為我講幾句cliché 的話而改變主意。我失望的不是香港未有民主,共產黨未被推翻,六四未被平反(again,這是情感的時間性的問題),而是發覺原來身邊不少朋友已經慢慢被虛無的氣息包圍。
總辭不總辭?
寫於2017年7月16日。
事旦講幾句:
其實由梁天琦被篩走一刻,整個選舉制度及議會已經失去合法性。先戴個頭盔,其實當時寫過幾句,認為泛民需要集體杯葛選舉。DQ
6只是同一個故事的不同版本。對於杯葛或是總辭,我的原則一樣。
記得當時網上最普遍的批評,和今次相類似,都是說畀建制派橫行無忌呀、加劇貧富懸殊呀、加深官商勾結呀、畀惡法直接通過呀…...乜乜物物。但其實泛民留左喺議會20年,建制派咪一樣橫行無忌?貧富懸殊咪一直加劇?官商勾結咪一樣繼續?布咪一樣照剪?橫洲撥款咪一樣照過?我懷疑下次建制派嘅賤格程度,應該會昇華到喺唔改議事規則下連人數都唔畀點,泛民乜都冇得玩。如果好似區家麟咁話,總辭支持者認為總辭可以激起市民反感抗爭只是「政治科幻小說式的預言」,那總辭反對者期望留守議會可以做到的,其實同幻想都無乜分別。更何況如果惡法將臨,例如臨立會重立的公安條例,當日動員不到的不代表今天動員不到。社會動員有其他結構性因素及大量的contingency(詳見下面),將來的事無人估到,所以總辭支持者 / 反對者在這方面上,當打個和,誰也不能說服誰。
既然原則一樣,那是否應該總辭?今次我的答案是否定的。我頭腦簡單,唔識好似區家麟咁分析10個迷思同楊岳橋咁寫個總辭百科。我純粹諗work定唔work,如下:
當時我提出的集體杯葛選舉與今次的總辭,是兩個很不同的語境。當時被篩走的是政壇當紅炸子雞,而當時梁振英仍未宣佈放棄連任,民間社會仍然有一個相當明顯的同共敵人(我意思是,比「共產黨」這個概念更貼身),可以集中火力對準特首選舉作另一次大型動員。
更何況,「梁天琦事件」本身是一個moral
shock,但moral shock呢啲野,一次就好shock,第二、三次就叫司空見慣、習以為常,憤怒呢種情感,很難作為長久的動員基礎。只要睇下上次梁天琦同今次DQ4事件的集會人數,就知分別。就算總辭,動員能量有限。
過去10多年的社會/政治運動動員,能夠稱很上超大型而持久的,其實都是靠一些極貼身的議題帶起,例如:
反高鐵運動突然爆出個669億呢個數,動員力即時倍增;支撐反國教的,是「你來搞我個仔?!」的恐懼/恐共感;激發雨傘運動的,是對於「純潔」學生被捕及催淚彈的義憤填膺的感覺(如果爭普選真的是上街主因,那麼在學聯罷課期間應該一早已塞爆金鍾)。就算計埋03年,反23條最多是因素之一,其他更重要的因素,其實是民生問題,同埋大家都想狠狠地屌老董同孽瘤一鑊,03年那次場「民主運動」,是事後的建構。
DQ呢件事,對於一般香港人,仍然是「太政治」,太離身,根本不可能有持久的參與,更遑論「由人民監察議會」及「癱瘓議會」。
既然總辭不能確保賬面有賺,那不如保住本錢,用既有資源發掘更多如反高鐵、反國教般的貼身議題,為下一次大型動員打好基礎。請記住,傳統飯民過去的失敗,不是單單的「戀棧議席」,而是他們沒有利用議席給予的本錢搞好政策研究,所以每次對抗政府都只是臨時抱佛腳。餘下的泛民議員應如何分配工作,接收DQ6
+ 1的政策議題、研究成果及論述,才是當下最應討論的問題。
p.s. 其實我有睇開冰球同NHL嘅習慣。冰球有個球例,犯規球員要被罰出場2分鐘甚或5分鐘,在這段時間球隊只能5個打人地6個,有時不小心甚至會4打6。那麼被罰球隊在那段時間就只能靠4個或者3個場區球員縮後,盡量緊貼龍門,用血肉之驅將對方射球擋住。當然在這段時間被失球的機會很高,但守得好的話,就能令對方多花氣力要不段傳波、走位才可以找到射球路線,直至捱到被罰球員返回球場。好彩的話,short-handed
goal(即人數較少下入波)其實也很常見的。
好撚多野做好眼瞓,寫住咁多先
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